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The common single-ended type used voice coils wound around the poles of a permanent magnet, which were positioned close to a flexible steel diaphragm. These early headphones used moving iron drivers, with either single-ended or balanced armatures. The majority of headgear used by telephone operators continued to have only one earpiece. These headpieces by Siemens Brothers looked fairly similar to modern headphones. 454,138 for “improvements in telephone-receivers…which shall be light enough to be carried while in use on the head of the operator.' The German company Siemens Brothers at this time was also selling headpieces for telephone operators which had two earpieces, although placed outside the ear. įrench engineer Ernest Mercadier in 1891 patented a set of in-ear headphones. Subscribers to the service could listen to the performance through a pair of massive earphones that connected below the chin and were held by a long rod. The device created a listening system through the phone lines that allowed the customer to connect into live feeds of performances at theaters and opera houses across London.

īy the 1890s a listening device with two earpieces – which was not mounted on the head – was developed by the British company Electrophone. These head-mounted phone receivers, unlike modern headphones, only had one earpiece. The head-mounted telephone receiver in the singular form was called a 'headphone'. The head mount freed the switchboard operator's hands, so that he could easily connect the wires of the telephone callers and receivers. The receiver was mounted on the head by a clamp which held it next to the ear. By the 1880s, soon after the invention of the telephone, telephone switchboard operators began to use head apparatuses to mount the telephone receiver.

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Headphones grew out of the need to free up a person's hands when operating a telephone. Telephone operator with a single head-mounted telephone-receiver ('headphone'), 1898 The latter two types of employees use headphones with an integrated microphone.

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Headphones are also used by people in various professional contexts, such as audio engineers mixing sound for live concerts or sound recordings and DJs, who use headphones to cue up the next song without the audience hearing, aircraft pilots and call center employees. As a result of the Walkman effect, beginning in the 1980s, headphones started to be used in public places such as sidewalks, grocery stores, and public transit. Some stereo earbuds are wireless, using Bluetooth connectivity to transmit the audio signal by radio waves from source devices like cellphones and digital players. Headphones that use cables typically have either a 1⁄ 4 inch (6.4 mm) or 1⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm) phone jack for plugging the headphones into the audio source. Headsets designed for telephone use typically cannot reproduce sound with the high fidelity of expensive units designed for music listening by audiophiles.

Headphones exhibit a range of different audio reproduction quality capabilities. Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones. The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.

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Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as Bluetooth, DECT or FM radio. In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone. A third type are bone conduction headphones, which typically wrap around the back of the head and rest in front of the ear canal, leaving the ear canal open. Another type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.

Circumaural ('around the ear') and supra-aural ('over the ear') headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place. Headphones are also known as earphones or, colloquially, cans. Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear. They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound.

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Headphones are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.